In our high-tech cities there is a lot happening underneath the ground and if one wants to start a construction project it is essential to find out whether this is secure not just above the ground. A lot of harm can happen if any kind of unpredicted utility locating gets hit and the consequences may not just be of the legal kind but, even worse, can hurt individuals. Therefore perfect organisation and dependable underground mapping are one of the most important tasks that need to be coordinated ahead of the start of the first works on a constructing area. Mostly public utility mains have to be detected and professionally marked for the building crews and diggers to evade. And there are so many of them, including phone or TV lines along with all sorts of communication and power lines, to name the least harmful. Then there are the much more critical encounters beneath the ground that need to be treated with the highest degree of care, like water and gas pipelines, and even oil pipes can be found; and all of these need to be detected with solid underground utility mapping. Another hazard pose road gullys along with water mains, what is more pipes for wastewater or gatherings of natural gas. In urbanized stretches, but not only, the room below the ground might be already exhausted by railway tunnels or tunnels for public transit. In order to see and accurately visualise these pipes and underground hazards several methods can be applied by cartographers. Diverse sorts of materials used in these utilities call for distinct equipment that can detect and locate very exactly all the respective pipes. Electromagnetic radars are one possibility, radio detection and ranging combined with GPR are another. In order to get an utterly complete locating job done, it is largely unavoidable to employ all of the different instruments, and it is important to always get the most current underground maps done because even below the ground things are in a constant change and at the same time sparsely documented.

Die letzen 3 postings by franz

• Einige Hefepilze sind für die Menschen bedenklich, aber wir können uns schützen - May 19th, 2011
• Utility mapping is crucial for safe constructions - May 19th, 2011
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